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The job of directional control valves is to route the fluid to the desired actuator. Normally, these control valves consist of a spool situated inside of a housing created either from cast iron or steel. The spool slides to different positions inside the housing. Intersecting grooves and channels direct the fluid based on the spool's position.
The spool has a neutral or central position which is maintained with springs. In this position, the supply fluid is returned to the tank or blocked. If the spool is slid to one side, the hydraulic fluid is directed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. When the spool is moved to the opposite side, the return and supply paths are switched. Once the spool is enabled to return to the neutral or center position, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into place.
Typically, directional control valves are designed so as to be stackable. They normally have one valve per hydraulic cylinder and one fluid input that supplies all the valves within the stack.
Tolerances are maintained extremely tightly, to be able to handle the higher pressures and so as to avoid leaking. The spools would often have a clearance in the housing no less than 25 µm or a thousandth of an inch. In order to avoid distorting the valve block and jamming the valve's extremely sensitive components, the valve block would be mounted to the machine' frame by a 3-point pattern.
The position of the spool may be actuated by mechanical levers, hydraulic pilot pressure, or solenoids which push the spool right or left. A seal enables a part of the spool to stick out the housing where it is accessible to the actuator.
The main valve block is usually a stack of off the shelf directional control valves chosen by capacity and flow performance. Several valves are designed to be on-off, while others are designed to be proportional, as in flow rate proportional to valve position. The control valve is among the most pricey and sensitive parts of a hydraulic circuit.
Counterbalance forklifts are really common pieces of machinery in the material handling business. They are popular machines used in warehouses and factories all-around the world. The leading lift truck producers such as Mitsubishi, Linde and Toyota all create counterbalance lift trucks. They are available in various fuel choices such as electric, gas or diesel. Usually, a counterbalanced forklift truck contains the following parts:
The area designed for the operator referred to as the "cab" and houses all of the steering wheel, dashboard which contains certain readouts, levers, steering wheel and various switches. The frame of the lift truck is the base designed for the various parts of the equipment including the mast and counterweight, the power supply, the wheels and the axles. The frame may also have hydraulic fluid tanks and fuel tanks constructed as part of its assembly. The Mast is the vertical assembly that does most of the work raising and lowering the forklift's load.
The counterweight is a heavy mass of cast iron which is connected to the rear of the forklift truck frame. The counterweights' objective is to counterbalance the cargo being lifted. Utilizing an electric lift truck, the big lead-acid battery itself could operate as part of or all of the counterweight. The Power Supply may have an internal combustion engine that can be powered by gasoline, LP gas, CNG gas or diesel. Electric forklifts are powered by either fuel cells which provide power to electric motors or a battery. The electric motors can be either DC or AC types.
Fork attachments are numerous types of material handling attachments that are obtainable comprising pole handlers, side shifters, multipurpose clams, carton clamps, slip-sheet attachments, fork positioners, roll clamps, container handlers and carpet poles.
The counterbalanced forklift is the ideal electric forklift to use for parking pallets closely together. Counterbalanced forklifts provide several benefits over straddle-leg styles and fork-over designs. They do have a few drawbacks though. A counterbalanced lift truck can carry pallets directly off the floor since there are no stabilization legs to interfere. The main disadvantage of this model of forklift is that the lift height and the weight capacity would generally be less than the other kinds.
